Bijlage A Standards DNA analysis and interpretation- Source level (001.1): summary of conceptsdna analysis and interpretation – source level

Standards DNA analysis and interpretation- Source level (001.1)

This document contains keywords for concepts of which an expert in the field of DNA- Source level should minimally have a basic knowledge. Forensic biology Sources of DNA evidence Crime scene investigation and laboratory analysis of biological evidence Identification and presumptive testing of body fluids (blood, semen, saliva) Confirmatory assays for body fluid identification (immunoassays) Uncertainty concerning attribution of DNA (particularly at low levels) to specific body fluids General The structure of DNA and the variability of the human DNA genome Loci, alleles, genotypes and DNA profiles Polymorphisms commonly used for DNA testing The molecular biological basis of forensic DNA tests; using the DNA profile to identify a forensic sample Extraction and quantification of DNA Polymerase chain reaction Short tandem repeats and mutation processes Forensic multiplex STR typing kits DNA separation by CE and LIF detection Analysis of results, including the use of ladders for fragment sizing, use of analytical thresholds and identification of artefacts such as stutter, ‘pull-up’ and identification of mixed samples. QC/QA Quality control and quality assurance of forensic DNA analysis Laboratory accreditation, personnel certification and proficiency testing Validation studies Laboratory error rates Understanding and minimizing the risk of contamination in the forensic process: methods of reducing the occurrence of contamination and detecting when it has occurred Continuous improvement and quality DNA statistics Likelihood Ratio (LR) Bayes Theorem Product rule to calculate the probability of independent variables DNA mixture deconvolution and recommended procedures for analysing mixed samples (LR and RMNE (‘Random Man not Excluded’)/CPI (‘Combined Probability of Inclusion’)) Accounting for relatives, where applicable, in calculating evidential strength Database issues Inclusion criteria and search (im)possibilities of the national DNA database including the detection of